
CVA
Introduction
CVA is a very elaborate new program which displays spectral distributions as the colors they appear to different animals. It also processes images, allowing the user to actually see through a (simulated) animal eye.
What's new in CVA 1.5?
Most image processing functions now execute faster and more reliably. Some functions which used to take minutes are now done in seconds. And there is an alert feature that lets you know when the processing is complete.
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More vision system definitions have been added; bees, gastropods, crustaceans, fishes including the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and a species of tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis).
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The insect luminosity function is now assumed to originate from the UV receptors, not the entire set of photopic receptors. This after it was discovered that the central regions of bee eyes might be UV monochromatic. Also, the stomatopod definitions have been improved upon.
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Some bugs from version 1.0 were fixed, including one that would cause an error if the user attempted to load the phylogenic tree twice. Another bug which was fixed was only drawing chromaticity data on certain scenes.
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The MIF Editor now has a Display Adjust feature, which allows the user to correct for the low gammas of PC x86-compatible machines. Part of the idea behind the MIF format is to display image data linearly, on a brightness scale from 0 to 255; gamma enhanced display functionality helps achieve this goal.
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The file size (and therefore, download size) is smaller due to a more efficient picture format for the colorful background picture. Since it was necessary to update the version information, the picture has also been given a bit of a makeover.
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You can now click the output window (resulting from a scene-viewing command) to copy its picture to the clipboard for printing or inclusion into a word processor document.
Who would use CVA?
- Universities and colleges which teach such subjects as biology, biochemistry, color science and spectroscopy.
- The food, textile, and toy industries, particularly when non-human animals are involved
- Manufacturers of monitors, printers, displays, and other visual output devices
- Remote sensing and surveying (by virtue of support for multiband images)
- Photography and optics industries, including cameras, films, lenses, printing, and inks
- Art restoration and preservation projects, in reference to the perception of color by color-deficient dichromats, anomalous trichromats, and persons with more serious color deficiencies such as achromacy and blue-cone monochromacy
- Manufacturers of hunting and fishing equipment; manufacturers of camouflage, especially if intended to be invisible to non-human animals
- Manufacture of items for use around insects, such as garments for beekeepers
- Choice of colors and pigments for objects used in hunting, fishing, and/or sporting events which involve non-human animals
- The neon-sign and advertising industries; manufacturers of lamps, skylights, and other sources of illumination, including blacklights and bug-zapper lights
- Manufacturers of aquarium/terrarium supplies, including lamps, backgrounds, objects that are submerged into the water, and the type of glass or plastic used for the tank itself
- Manufacturers of testing equipment for color blindness and anomalous color vision.
In general, any field where the apparent color of an item is relevant, whether or not the intended observer is human.
What can CVA do for me?
- Open, create, edit, and save light spectrum files, and view them as a curve, or as a rainbow in either monochrome or a combination of true and false color
- View a color the way it would look to a particular animal, see the values of the opponent processes which comprise a sensation of color, and see the approximate spectral distribution the animal sees. Color vision is also a low-resolution spectroscope.
- View the response curves of individual photoreceptors or individual opponent processes; view the effect each opponent process terminus has on a perceived spectrum; view the wavelength discrimination functions and locate their minima
- View simulations of colors seen by tetrachromatic (or higher) animals with a special dithering process
- Enter wavelengths and intensities directly by means of a calculator keypad
- Superimpose and filter spectra; using these functions with various "maximization" techniques can predict the appearance of any light source, or any surface under any type of illumination.
- Perform numerous functions on spectra, including inverting, and conversion between absorption and transmission spectra; adding bands with known peaks and 50% wavelengths; amplification and normalization functions; redshifting and blueshifting by wavelength or frequency; scanning printed spectral curves and saving them with minimal cleaning; generating absorption and transmission spectra of opsins and carotenoids; and even calculating atomic spectra of elements with simple electron structures using Rydberg corrections.
- View an entire scene the way it would appear to an animal, complete with a box of opponent processes which display the values of the pixels under your mouse pointer. Just point to an object in the picture, and it tells you how much each opponent process is being stimulated (and whether it is positive or negative) in that spot.
- Display in monochrome mode, ideal for printouts and for color-deficient users
- Choose animals from a phylogenic tree with search capability; even have more than one animal running at a time
- Distinguish between various vision systems (eg dorsal, ventral, photopic, scotopic, mesopic, foveal) of an animal, either displaying all opponent processes or just those in a single vision system.
- Open, create, edit, and save multiband pictures in CVA's native Multiband Image Format (MIF), which supports pictures with up to 256 wavelength bands between 1 and 32,767 nanometers. MIF editor allows multiband images to be constructed from monochrome pictures of various bands; color photographs (even false-color); full clipboard functionality, and 2 kinds of extrapolation which estimate multiband tone signatures from regular color photos. The MIF editor also supports the BMP, JPG, and PNG formats. MIF images even support password protection and 4 kinds of data-compression.
- Color distribution, color correction, and noise reduction of multiband images
- Viewing of MIF images in true color, false-color infrared, false color across the entire spectrum, and false color within any spectral region
- Adding your own animal vision definitions and updating existing definitions as new research is conducted. If you are a research lab, and you have just obtained the proper measurements of the retinal cells of an animal which is not already in the program, you can add the new animal to your copy of CVA before your research paper even hits the recipient's mailbox. Supports one or more opsins per cell, single or multiple screening pigments, even such oddities as receptor tiering and heterogenous ommatidia.

Left: Part of the phylogenic tree, showing the Iguania, with the green anole selected. The phylogenic tree is too big to fit on one screen in its entirety. The data provided includes over 100 species of vertebrate. Right: The main window with the green anole loaded, showing the spectral curve, color tab, opponent processes, and relative photoreceptor stimulation. Notice the calculator keypad on the left-hand side of the screen.
Are there any limitations on what CVA can do?
Every program has limitations, mostly because every computer has a finite amount of memory. CVA is a very feature-rich program with few limitations. MIF images, for example, support up to 256 wavelength bands with a resolution of 1 nm. And not just visible and almost-visible wavelengths, but the entire ultraviolet and most of the infrared regions, including the thermal infrared. Even soft X-rays can be portrayed! The animal definitions support up to 16 photoreceptor types, and up to 16 opponent processes, with theoretically unlimited numbers of photosensitive materials and screening pigments. Only stomatopods (Crustacea: Malacostraca) and swallowtail butterfies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) have even close to that many photoreceptor types. Color-related functions and scene viewing support the region of 280 to 880 nanometers; both extremes are far outside the visual ranges of most animals.
If I buy CVA, what exactly am I getting?
CVA is a multi-faceted program with many diverse functions. It includes:
- The CVA executable for Windows
- The MIF editor application, which contains the multiband image functionality
- A wide selection of animal vision data - hundreds of species throughout the vertebrates, arthropods and molluscs - in a convenient phylogenic arrangement
- Data for artificial vision systems, such as color film and CCD cameras
- A library of light spectra, including transmissive spectra of natural and artificial compounds, and emission spectra of artificial light sources
- A manual in both printed form and on disk for easy reference anywhere, anytime
- Sample MIF images of various kinds of scenes
Sounds great. How can I obtain CVA?
You can download the 30-day evaluation of CVA from our Download Page. To purchase this program, please
click here
or send $299 to:
EKN Enterprises
POB 1635
Grants Pass, OR 97528
If you purchase CVA and intend to run it on multiple computers, you will need a site licence. Contact us for pricing on site licenses.